The approaches to ambiguity among Latvian fact-checkers

• In Event: Aspects of News-Making in the Baltic States

Abstract

Today, fact-checking has evolved into a well-established genre within journalism. Its focus on “facts” implies a thorough examination of the truthfulness of information in an objective and unambiguous manner. At the same time, fact-checking journalists may indulge in interpretations and analyze claims that cannot be unambiguously examined (Uscincki & Butler, 2013). The internal tension of this genre invites further inquiry into the epistemological practices of fact-checkers and their responses to the unavoidable uncertainties that arise from the verification of various claims.

This paper draws from eight semi-structured interviews conducted with Latvian fact-checkers who represent five organizations. The sample encompasses the majority of professionals in Latvia's fact-checking field. According to the results, the Latvian fact-checkers demonstrate a relatively uniform approach to the evaluation of sources, with Latvian and international statistical databases, scientific consensus, and data from official institutions considered the most reliable. However, in situation when they have to deal with conflicting facts or the lack unequivocal evidence, their approaches diverge.

Some fact-checkers pivot toward a news reporting perspective, presenting the gathered facts and leaving the audience to draw their own conclusions. Others resort to relying on expert opinions. In cases where proving something, like a conspiracy theory, as false is impossible, fact-checkers may assert the lack of credible evidence supporting the questioned claim's truth. In cases when fact-checkers are unable to get to the bottom of a case, they are more likely to abandon their effort and choose a different statement to verify, rather than explicitly acknowledge the ambiguity.

Short Bio

Ianis Bucholtz is an associate professor at Vidzeme University of Applied Scienves in Latvia. He teaches courses on media ethics, media economics, and online information environment. Ianis' research interests include media ethics, media literacy, and civic participation.

Author

• Ianis Bucholtz, Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences