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The purpose of this case study is exploring students’ programming practices in the two environments with different modalities and identify progress and challenges in their coding structures and computational problem-solving. An introductory programming course for preservice teachers was designed and two programming environments were provided in parallel. Through this design, it was revealed that students grasped computer science (CS) concepts through a block-based and text-based programming. The two programming environments with different modalities benefit students and also reveal challenging CS concepts and practices when they were introduced in a way to consider their shared principles.