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Writing and literacy tasks are moving increasingly to online and hybrid spaces. To engage with the realities of writers and promote education that addresses these spaces, researchers must consider how to support instructors so that they engage effectively and equitably with 21st-century spaces in their classrooms. This paper explores implications from a study of language-related struggles faced by pre-service English teachers and how engagement with deficit language ideologies provided a useful re-framing for teachers when they encountered unanticipated features of their students’ 21st-century writing.