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The aim of the study is to revisit the paradoxical relationship between student achievement and self-concept in the between- and within-country contexts. Much research has shown that the relationship between student achievement and self-concept is positive within countries, but negative between countries. Much research overemphasized the negative relationship, so it may confuse the audience about the relationship between student achievement and self-concept. Thus, the study tends to compare the results from correlation analyses and three-level hierarchical linear models in using TIMSS 2007 databases. The results indicates that multilevel regression can implicitly show the positive relationship in the student level and the negative relationship in the country level after adding the aggregated country-level self-concept variable in the multilevel regression.