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This research examined the validity of eye gaze as an operational measure of cognitive activity during an information-seeking task involving concept maps. Fifty participants were instructed to use computer-based concept maps to complete an argument and identify argument-relevant information. Eye gaze was captured and fixation frequencies and durations corresponding to cognitive activity were analyzed. Eye movements were compared between participants as well as across concept maps. Fixation frequencies and durations indicated that the participants actively engaged with the argumentation task and gave attention to task-relevant information presented in the concept maps. A correspondence was found between eye gaze, behavior, and learning outcomes. These findings have implications for future research on learning from concept maps that gathers eye gaze data.