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In this paper, I describe the work of critical special education scholars who challenge the fundamental assumptions on which special education is founded—and illustrate the implications for all educators. First, I acknowledge special education as a complex, multi-faceted, multi-layered, established institution. Second, I describe its medicalized knowledge base that gives rise to specific, limited discourses of what constitutes a dis/ability. Third, I discuss alternative sociocultural knowledge bases informed by Disability Studies put forth by critical special educators to engage their peers in broadening ways to understand dis/ability. Fourth, in contrasting these theoretical groundings, I discuss implications for teacher dispositions toward differences among students and the cultural work of reshaping social education to exemplify a more equitable and accessible world.