Notable African American Women: Psychological, Family, and Environmental Factors

• In Event: Roundtable Session 29
  In Roundtable Session: Biographical Accounts of Notable Women: Early Social, Cultural, and Environmental Factors

Abstract

Diverse backgrounds and cultures will continue to spark interests of investigation for those in education and psychology. Studies have been conducted to better understand success and productivity for diverse groups (Cox, 1926, Freeman & Walberg, 1999; Walberg et al, 1981; Walberg & Stariha, 1992). Since there is a greater need to understand successful women of color, the purpose of this paper is to explore the childhood psychological traits and conditions of eminent African American women.
Using a content analysis and chi-square analysis, biographies and autobiographies were analyzed using a checklist. The sample (N=256) included a variety of professions. This study tracked information based on the theoretical framework of Walberg’s Productivity Model. Consequently, the following categories were developed: (1) personal traits, (2) information on the families, school and environmental conditions and (3) social and cultural conditions. Data was analyzed and contrasted with those of other eminent women in a variety of fields. In addition, the findings will help inform the differences of women in the 1900’s to the women in the 1800’s.
The study found that African American women’s eminence appears fostered by psychological traits and conditions generally similar to those that benefit other eminent men and women. African American women appeared more often advantaged with respect to several psychological traits, including independence, perseverance, single-mindedness, and alertness to novelty (Freeman & Walberg, 1999). Traits such as religious beliefs, independence, and perseverance seemed more prevalent among African American women. They were attempting to succeed in a society during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s from which they would receive little support (Sicherman & Green, 1980). Given the discrimination and limited opportunities for African Americans and women during the first half of this century, eminence among the women in the sample probably required outstanding force of character.
The study provides implications in understanding and nurturing African American female success in homes, schools, and communities. Understanding the cultural and societal context of African American girls can be helpful to educators, parents, and students.

Author

• Karen A. Freeman, Chicago State University