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Paradigm stances provide a varied and possibly more nuanced set of approaches to validation. In this mixed methods research study, we use a combination of validation procedures from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. For four years we worked with several grade 5 and 6 teachers and their students to develop student’s critical and higher order thinking in social studies and science, and teacher efficacy in teaching critical and higher order thinking. Through a narrative analysis we demonstrated that the teachers learned to effectively teach critical and higher order thinking. Quantitative measures indicated a large effect of the intervention on students’ critical thinking. We attempt to ensure validity of the inferences made through using multiple validation approaches.