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Instructional technologies critically depend on systematic design and learning hierarchies are a commonly advocated tool for designing instructional sequences. But hierarchies routinely allow numerous sequences and choosing an optimal sequence remains an unsolved problem. This study explores a simulation-based approach to the sequencing problem. Computer simulations of eight hierarchies from the literature address two general questions about hierarchies and sequences: 1) Do all valid instructional sequences for a given hierarchy lead to comparable learning outcomes? and 2) How do hierarchy structures and student ability influence learning? Results indicate that equally valid instructional sequences can produce widely divergent learning outcomes, student ability can interact with sequence and structure to disadvantage learners, and simulation can be useful in evaluating technology-based instructional design.