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The present study examines transactional relations between negative emotionality (NE), supportive parenting, and social development among about 1,800 Korean infants with three waves of longitudinal data spanning the first two years of life. Findings demonstrated: 1) There were moderate degrees of stability in NE and parenting behaviors; 2) No evidence was found for reciprocity between NE and parenting: when controlling for family contextual factors, supportive parenting during the first few months significantly predicted lower subsequent NE, but not vice versa; 3) Cascade effects of NE and parenting on social development were found; and 4) infant problem-solving ability predicted higher subsequent supportive parenting. The implications of these findings are discussed.