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Online education has transformed the higher education landscape. As many universities embrace these changes in learning, the problems associated with retention and performance in online environments is becoming increasingly prevalent. We develop a measure that can capture the influence of expectations for learning in an online environment as associated with academic outcomes. Accurate expectations about the flexibility of online courses were the strongest predictor of academic outcomes for students. Accurate expectations about the difficulty of online courses were the second strongest predictor of academic outcomes. Implications regarding the influence of incorrect expectations held by students about online and distance education are discussed.
Steven Randall Chesnut, University of Southern Mississippi
Lucy M. Barnard-Brak, Texas Tech University
Angela Alejandro, Texas Tech University