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We examined changes in third-graders’ (N = 58) knowledge of science and engineering concepts after participating in a 10-lesson paper-engineering unit in which they solved pop-up design challenges and built pop-up books. We stratified students by pretest vocabulary scores, then randomly assigned to treatment (n = 28) or comparison (n = 30). In treatment, students wrote in journals to document their learning; in comparison, students discussed their learning in small groups. Regardless of condition, students’ posttest vocabulary scores were significantly higher, with improvement of more than one standard deviation (d = 1.25). Students moved from discussion of aesthetic components of pop-up books to discussion of pop-up structure and function in cognitive interviews. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.