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Based on the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP), this study examined how emotional valence and arousal tone, induced by contextual visual aids in health-related instructional slides, influence learning performance and mental effort in online learning. A total of 120 college students were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) low-arousing positive, (b) low-arousing negative, (c) high-arousing positive, and (d) high-arousing negative. The results showed that both multiple-choice recognition and recall test scores were highest with low-arousing negative, then followed by low-and high-arousing positive, but poorest with high-arousing negative emotion. However, the emotions did not influence mental effort. The findings support the LC4MP model and imply the benefits of utilizing emotional visual aids to enhance health-related online learning.