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The purpose of this study is to develop and validate Pre-service Teachers’ Resilience-Strategies (PTR-S) scale. While resilience is a dynamic and multifaceted capacity, this study focused on strategies to strengthen pre-service teachers’ resilience. Items were developed based on the existing literature, expert panel discussions, tested for internal consistency, and followed with Exploratory Factor Analysis with 277 pre-service teachers in the initial phase of their teacher education program. It was also validated with 470 pre-service teachers in the advanced phase using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Findings showed high internal consistency and a two-factor model: i) managing emotional well-being and ii) seeking social support. This study provides refined understandings about the nature of strategies and methodological tools for quantitative approach.
Ji Yeon Hong, University of Oklahoma
Youyan Nie, National Institute of Education - Nanyang Technological University
Laura A. Lewis, University of Oklahoma
Kristyna Looney, The University of Oklahoma
Eleftherios Kyprianos Soleas, Queen's University