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Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the social cognitive career theory, we explore factors underlying the consistency and inconsistency between transfer intent and course-completion patterns of first-time STEM-aspiring students at public two-year colleges. We analyzed student survey and transcript data, using latent profile analysis and path analysis. We found four major course-completion patterns in Spring 2015 (i.e., Transfer-Focused, Associate Degree-Focused, Leaving, and Vocational Training-Focused). About 44.6% of transfer-oriented students completed mainly transferable courses. Self-efficacy in math and science interacted with the initial transfer intent to shape students’ course-completion patterns. Our findings pinpoint the potential gap between academic intent and behavior, as well as critical factors underlying this discrepancy.