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We explore two assertions that have prompted concerns about the quality of early instruction in the United States: 1) claims that a large percentage of teachers in early primary grades have elementary education (ELED) rather than early childhood education (ECED) licenses; and
2) related claims that a large of elementary principals have limited knowledge of ECED. We investigated the credentials of a sample of K-3 teachers and principals in five states where ECED and ELED license overlap in multiple grades. Of the 2,000 K-3 teachers sampled, 94% were licensed in ELED and 14% in ECED. Of the 500 principals sampled, 72% were licensed in ELED, 12% in physical education, and two percent in ECED.