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In responding to a need for integrating scientific argumentation into classroom teaching, we designed an automated feedback system and embedded it in an online curriculum module. Scientific argumentation we promoted with the feedback system addressed two types of reasoning: scientific reasoning associated with claiming based on evidence and critical reasoning associated with recognizing limitations of data, evidence, investigation, and knowledge base. In order to provide automated feedback to students as soon as they submit their arguments, we developed and tested a data traffic architecture. This study addresses how students improved their scientific arguments when automated feedback was provided in real-time.
Hee-Sun Lee, The Concord Consortium
Ting Wang, Educational Testing Service
Amy Pallant, Concord Consortium
Ou Lydia Liu, ETS