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This meta-analysis examined the magnitude of the relationship between the three presences of the Community of Inquiry in relation to student’s satisfaction and perceived learning in fully online environments. We retrieved 159 effect sizes from the 61 identified studies. Our findings illustrated that all of the presences individually predict the student outcomes in fully online courses. I2 statistic results indicated that there were real different effect sizes across studies. Moderator analysis demonstrated that the conditions (e.g. length of the online courses, measures of presences, grade level, and discipline area) that differentiate the magnitude of the relationships.
Secil Caskurlu, Florida State University
Jing Lv, East China Normal University
Yukiko Maeda, Purdue University
Jennifer C. Richardson, Purdue University