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Educating students in America is a complex and challenging undertaking and despite reform, continues to lag behind other industrialized countries. The “No Child Left Behind” legislation has not been effective in closing the education gap for secondary education (Finn, Julian, & Petrilli, 2006). Mandated programs and initiatives in general have not been successful in transforming the education system. The academic achievement gap continues to widen among diverse students. Unfortunately, prescriptive legislative changes have not done enough to make a difference, as curriculum-driven content and assessments continue to supersede significant student-teacher relationships and engagement for African American and Hispanics (Kane, Taylor, Tyler and Wooten, 2007; Noddings, 2008). This institutionalization power ultimately diminishes the attainment and sustainability of knowledge (Alder, 2000).
Rudolph Washington, California State University - Los Angeles
Anne Hafner, California State University - Los Angeles