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As scholars acknowledge the pressing need for educational leaders to acquire ethical decision-making skills (e.g., Aquino, McFerran, & Laven, 2011; Branson & Gross, 2014; Cranston & Kimber, 2014; Shapiro, Stefkovitch, & Gutierrez, 2014; Tuana, 2014), it is important to create instruments with which to evaluate training (Karlshoven, Den Hartog, & De Hoogh, 2011; Langlois & Lapointe, 2014). However, if instruments are used in cultures other than the one in which they were validated, their cultural invariance must be ascertained in order for the results to be considered reliable. By culturally validating the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ), this study provides a reliable instrument for international comparative studies on ethical leadership training and praxis.
Claire Marie Lapointe, Laval University
Lyse Langlois, Université Laval
Pierre Valois, Université Laval
Mualla Bilgin Aksu, Akdeniz University
Christopher Bezzina, University of Malta
Olof CA Johansson, Umeå universitet
Katarina Norberg, University of Umeå
Izhar Oplatka, Tel Aviv University
Khalid Arar, The Center for Academic Studies