Nicole L. Fonger, Syracuse Universirty

Recognition of Professional Obligations of Mathematics Teaching and Their Role in Justifying Instructional Actions - Patricio G. Herbst, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor; Inah Ko, University of Michigan

Do Mathematics-Specific and General Observation Instruments Capture Different Aspects of Instruction? - Roar Bakken Stovner, University of Oslo

Teachers' Identification of the Appropriateness of Proportional Reasoning - Chandra H. Orrill, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth; Travis Weiland, Appalachian State University; Rachael Eriksen Brown, Penn State Abington; Gal Gili Nagar, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth

Exploring Learning Opportunities in Korean Textbooks for Developing Proportional Reasoning - Ji-Won Son, University at Buffalo - SUNY; Hee-Jeong Kim, Hongik University, South Korea; SeungJung Jo, University at Buffalo - SUNY

Going "By the Book": Comparing Area Lessons in Textbooks to Students' Development in Area Measurement - Dae S. Hong, University of Iowa; Kyong Mi Choi, University of Virginia; Cristina Runnalls, California State Polytechnic University - Pomona; Jihyun Hwang, University of Iowa

Preservice Teachers' Assessment of Kindergarten Students' Subtraction Understanding - Murat Akarsu, Purdue University; Lizhen Chen, Purdue University; Laura Bofferding, Purdue University

Developing Number Sense: Exploring the Influences of a Counting-Focused Instructional Treatment - Jessica F. Shumway, Utah State University

How Much Guidance Do Students Need? An Intervention Study on Kindergarten Mathematics With Manipulatives - Erin Maria Horan, Association of American Colleges and Universities; Martha Carr, University of Georgia

Comprehensive Review of Assessments of Mathematics in Early Childhood - Crystal A Day-Hess, University of Denver; Douglas H. Clements, University of Denver; Julie Sarama, University of Denver; John D Ganzar, University of Denver; Aleis Pugia, University of Denver; Jane Barker; Carrie Germeroth, University of Denver

Relationships Between Low-Achieving Students' Reversibility Development and Early Mathematics Achievement - Beth Loveday MacDonald, Utah State University; M. Jill Ashby, Utah State University; Cathy Maahs-Fladung, Utah State University; Kristy Litster, Utah State University; Marialuisa Di Stefano, Utah State University