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Traditional paper-and-pencil measures of visual-motor functioning have significant limitations in reliability of scoring, construct validity and interpretability of scores. This study reports results of an investigation of a visual-motor assessment on the iPad, comparing a traditional pencil-and-paper measure to a measure of the same items using a stylus on a tablet and to finger on a tablet. Sixty-seven participants copied twelve geometric figures in each condition. Items were scored to the tenth of a millimeter. Analysis of variance and regression analysis indicate no effect of order of presentation, significant differences in performance by age, and substantial uniformity in performance across modes of presentation. These findings indicate that visual-motor performance on a tablet is functionally similar to pencil-and-paper drawing.
Randy Fall, Azusa Pacific University
Karen Silberman
Dana L. Khudaverdyan, Azusa Pacific University
Roxanne Helm-Stevens, Azusa Pacific University