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This paper argues that competing roles for the teaching profession in Mexico create intense conflicts for teachers in the state of Oaxaca. Teachers in that region have a long history of dissident mobilization going back to the 1970s, and the institutionalization of such revolutionary activism by the local teachers’ union has resulted in many teachers expressing a sense of tension between their roles as classroom pedagogues and the political-syndical role promoted and incentivized by the union’s leadership. Drawing on ethnographic interviews and observations, I illustrate these tensions by casting light on the varying levels of conviction or obligation teachers feel to perform distinct roles, and discuss how competing models of being a teacher generate personal, interpersonal, and societal conflicts.