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This study investigated the impact of children’s emergent leadership during collaborative discussions, including its immediate effect on the quality of group-level reasoning, and its delayed influence on children’s individual ability to reproduce arguments on a complex policy issue post discussion. 255 fifth grade students from 12 classrooms completed a six-week unit on wolf reintroduction and management in collaborative group work. Analyses of a third of the groups’ final discussion transcripts (n = 12) showed that emergent leadership helped groups come up with more sophisticated reasons. Analysis of students’ argumentative writings (n = 76) revealed that students tended to produce counterargument and rebuttal in their persuasive writing if their group discussion contained many argument development and topic control leadership moves.