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The purpose of this transcendental, phenomenological study was to describe non-residential African American fathers’ perceptions of their roles in the academic process of their male children. The theory that guided this study was self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977). Self-efficacy refers to one’s belief in their ability to accomplish a specific task. Although self-efficacy theory is not specific to non-residential African American fathers, it framed this study by exploring how non-residential African American males’ belief in their ability to function, as fathers, determined their perceptions of their roles in the academic process of their male children. Critical race theory was also used to illustrate the social function and disposition of African American males in America.