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Verbal redundancy results from the concurrent presentation of text and verbatim speech. Little is known about how the length of text or the degree of redundancy may influence learning outcomes. The present study fills this gap. The study used a 2 X 2 factorial design in which a length of redundancy factor (long vs short) was crossed with a degree of redundancy factor (full vs. partial). Participants (N = 270) were randomly assigned to study one of four presentations on human memory. The dependent measures were knowledge tests as well as interest and cognitive load scores. Results did not show significant differences between groups on all outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Olusola Olalekan Adesope, Washington State University
Eleanor Dizon, Washington State University - Pullman
Rachel Min Wong, Washington State University - Pullman