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Generation 1 learners are adult immigrant, adult ESL students in college-level courses. This multiple-case case study examines how these learners perform their chosen identity as college students through their language choices and studying performances. Through an investment (Norton, 1997) and communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991) framework, the study investigates how the learners’ chosen identities became sites of contestation (McKay & Wong, 1996) when community old-timers’ rejected the learners’ identities. The case study explores learners’ resistance as a response to delegitimized participation rights resulting when others challenged the learners’ identity enactment.