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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey of opportunities to participate (OtP) in science that would allow educators and researchers to closely approximate the types of science learning opportunities students have in science classrooms. Additionally, we examined whether and how opportunity gaps in science learning may exist across schools with different socioeconomic levels. Results showed evidence that the OtP in science survey scores were internally reliable, and invariant across school socioeconomic groups across and time points. Structural invariance tests demonstrate specific ways opportunity gaps to learn science manifest in lower income schools. We discuss the implications of these gaps for diverse students’ interest and achievement in science, and propose several lines of future study.
Christine Lee Bae, Virginia Commonwealth University
Morgan DeBusk-Lane, Virginia Commonwealth University
Kathryn N. Hayes, California State University - East Bay
Fa Zhang, Virginia Commonwealth University