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This study investigates gender differences of middle school students in digital literacy (DL) competencies and self-evaluations of these literacies in digital tasks based on the DL framework (Eshet-Alkalai, 2012). A battery of DL performance tasks (Porat et al., 2018) and a DL questionnaire (Blau & Shamir-Inbal, 2014) were administrated among 280 seventh-graders and 237 eight-graders. In both stratums, very few gender differences were found in actual performance of DL, while self-evaluations were significantly lower among female students. Differences in performance of social-emotional and real-time thinking literacies may reflect gender differences in interests and therefore different usage, while persistent lower self-evaluations of female adolescents can be attributed to inequality in technology-related social expectations, and call for educational interventions.