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Traditional multilevel mediation models are limited by their inability to quantify measurement and sampling error that can result from the sampling of observed variables and persons, respectively. Doubly latent multilevel mediation models reduce these biases through the use of cluster means in estimates of indirect effects by simultaneously controlling for both measurement error at each level, and sampling error in the aggregation of individual values that serve as indicators of organizational level constructs. We illustrate the usefulness of this approach in investigating the mediating role of aggressive attitudes in associations between reports of school climate and prevalence of teasing and bullying. The illustration is based on a statewide high school sample of 59,581 students and 11,336 teachers from 296 schools.
Yuane Jia, Rutgers University
Timothy R. Konold, University of Virginia
Kelly D Edwards, University of Virginia