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In order to understand whether cultural background or country wealth have more influences on the effectiveness of school administrative systems, we compared the performances of East-Asian versus G7 countries in PISA 2015 assessments in terms of (1) the effects of enrolling in private independent schools versus public schools and (2) the effects of enrolling in private government-dependent schools versus public schools. Using propensity score analysis to control 22 school-level and student-level confounders, it is concluded that the impacts of enrolling in a public school or a private school in East-Asian or G7 countries have established different patterns: public schools outperformed private schools in East-Asian countries/economies but the private schools generally had better academic performance in G7 countries.