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Guided by the work of Hurtado et al. (2015) on sense of validation, and Estrada-Hollenbeck et al. (2011) on science identity and science self-efficacy, this study employed structural equation modeling to attempt to understand the predictive value of sense of validation, science identity, and science self-efficacy on STEM persistence and academic performance among 131 biomedical undergraduates at a large, private research university. The major finding of the study revealed that academic and interpersonal validation predict science self-efficacy, that science self-efficacy predicts science identity, and that science identity predicts both STEM persistence and academic performance. The findings of this study have implications for those who are interested in educational equity in STEM.