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Measurement invariance is the property that an instrument measures the same construct across groups, and is defined mathematically within latent variable frameworks such as Item Response Theory and factor analysis. The property of measurement invariance is critical to justify interpreting group differences on the observed scores in terms of construct differences, and not due to differences in how the construct is measured across groups. The method of measurement invariance is reviewed, and core issues, such as the choice and interpretation of fit statistics, are discussed. Results from the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) contextual questionnaire indices analyses are described across major groups of race/ethnicity, gender, and mode of administration. No evidence of measurement non-invariance was found.