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Using the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data, this study aims to explore the direct relationships between Chinese students’ use of information and communication technology (ICT) and science achievement, and indirect relationships mediated by ICT process-related factors, after taking into account both school-level and student-level factors. By conducting multiple linear regression analyses, the study results indicate no matter use ICT at school or at home, for study purpose or for entertainment, the use of ICT all have negative relationship with students’ science achievement. On the contrary, ICT process-related factors have positive relationship with students’ science achievement. Also, the process-related factors do not mediate the relationship. Suggestions were made to develop students’ ICT perceived competence level, autonomy and interest.