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Students identify race/ethnicity and gender expression as being two prominent reasons for being harassed or bullied, essentially the target of discrimination. As expected these incidents are prominent among students who are not White and are non-binary in gender identity or express gender in ways other than expected given biological sex. Through a large-scale statewide student survey, we explore these associations, including the moderating effects of family/community and teacher/school supports. We find the likelihood of being bullied because of race/ethnicity or gender identity are reduced as supports increase. We explore implications for practitioners, regarding the role of increased supports and the complexities of race/ethnicity and gender expression.
Carlos Chavez, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Michael C. Rodriguez, University of Minnesota
Tai Tri Do, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Samuel D. Ihlenfeldt, University of Minnesota