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The participation in science extracurricular activities have long been found has effects on students’ science learning outcomes. Additionally, parental involvement, although found to be associated with science achievement as well, the direction of the effects was inconsistent in literature. 4863 15-year-old Hong Kong students from PISA 2015 were examined to explore the relationship between extracurricular science activities, learning motivation and science achievement using structural equation modeling. Results showed that students who frequently attend science activities revealed higher science learning motivation, which in turn led to better science performance. The total effects of parental involvement were negative, although not significant, suggesting a complicated relationship between parental involvement and student science achievement in Hong Kong.