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In the 21st century, society was transformed by the emergence of information and communication technologies (Ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario, 2016). Schools have to be a central actor in this transformation to allow students to develop their competencies to be active citizens (Albe, 2009). This study aims to document the problem-based learning process based on a controversial issue of elementary school students. In particular, this study aims to improve our understanding of how students reflect and elaborate on a complex issue. In a case study approach, students group discussions were analyzed to identify the phase of the reflective thinking (Dewey, 1910/2004) in their learning process. We observe that, following an iterative and collaborative process, students’ reflective thinking becomes more complex.