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The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of collective running schools. The study constructed a new evaluation index system and evaluated the effectiveness of three typical groups in Shanghai through questionnaires, interviews, and exploratory factor analysis. The data revealed that the school promoted the balanced development of regional education to some extent; the overall quality of students was developed; and the level of the teaching staff has improved. However, there are problems and challenges in reality. Firstly, school competition between different regions has intensified. Secondly, contradictions have increased within the family or community. Thirdly, the resources of the average student are facing challenges. Besides, there is a lack of protection for managers and teachers.