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The current study investigated young L2 learners’ incidental vocabulary development from listening to stories and the moderating role of phonological working memory. 190 fourth and fifth grade Korean-L1 EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: listening to stories (VLL), listening to stories with teacher explanations of target words (VLLT), and control. Participants completed tests of meaning recall and meaning recognition as pretest, immediate posttest, two-weeks delayed posttest, and four-weeks delayed posttest. The participants demonstrated statistically significant vocabulary gains in the VLLT condition, and a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the VLLT condition over the VLL condition. Significant interaction effects for working memory were detected in the VLLT condition.