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To efficiently diagnose patients, doctors not only need sufficient knowledge, but also constructive motivation and emotion regulation to overcome impasses. This paper explores how habitual emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal and suppression) and achievement goal orientations relate to and predict medical students’ efficiency in solving a clinical case in BioWorld (Author, 2009). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. We found a negative correlation between reappraisal and performance-approach goal. Suppression correlated with mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance. Suppression correlated with and predicted efficiency negatively. Surprisingly, mastery-approach negatively predicted efficiency. Our results could contribute to improvements in medical education that can lead to greater efficiency of clinical diagnosis. We also build on the understanding of the psychological factors that influence diagnostic reasoning.