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Based on the interview data of 21 teaching research officers across China, this article uses bureaucratical-professional conflict as a theoretical perspective to explore how these TROs perceive the conflicts of their roles, which can be categorized into five types. It shows that the essence of the bureaucratical-professional conflict is the conflict between principles of governing professional practices and those used in education administration, and that the conflict arises because each side is different, whose rules are contradictory to guide practices. It indicates that administrative work and professional work in assuring teaching quality should be conducted in parallel by different groups of people instead of being assigned to the same group, or even to the same person.