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The overarching goal of the present study is to investigate the factorial structure of two closely related constructs: instrumental motivation of science/math and enjoyment of science/math. The factorial structure consisting of two factors, each representing instrumental and intrinsic drives for learning science and math, will be tested with 64 countries employed in this study. This same factorial structure will be tested at both between- and within country levels through multiple-group CFA (MGCFA). The significance lies in the idea that once this study finding suggests the cross-validation of measurement invariance across samples from 64 countries, then it enables researchers to conduct a comparative analysis with the PISA student motivation measurement.