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The aim of the current study is to validate High Level Cognitive Strategies Scale (HLCSS) using the data from 3018 8th graders in China. The factorial results revealed that the HLCSS included three distinct yet related subscales: organization, elaboration, and critical thinking. Additionally, the HLCSS achieved a high level of measurement invariance over gender, and there was further support for latent factor mean invariance across gender. Concerning the predictive validity of the HLCSS, the present study found that organization, elaboration, and critical thinking were positively associated with math achievement. The correlation between critical thinking and math achievement was stronger than the correlation between elaboration and math achievement, which in turn was stronger than the correlation between organization and math achievement.