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This study proposes a conceptual framework to better understand assessment of collaborative learning (ACL). The framework includes four aspects related to collaborative learning: meta-level understanding, meta-level affective states, processes, and products. We applied this framework to examine how ACL has been conducted in 83 empirical studies using CSCL environments in STEM education published from 2006 to 2019. We report specific types and categories of ACL with illustrating examples. The results showed that while most studies assessed the products and processes, very few of them put these assessments in the outcome space. Despite the fact that aspects of ACL are closely related to each other, very few studies investigated their relationships. Technology platforms play a critical role in ACL.