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Purpose: It is necessary to realize the effective role of physical activity (PA) on improving mental health and academic performance with large sample data and reasonable analysis for changing views and behaviors, especially for Chinese parents.
Methods: This study explored whether PA out-of-school can improve mathematics achievement (MA) by alleviating anxiety with the moderated effect of parental support and gender. A representative sample of (N =22,509) Chinese fourth grade pupils was utilized to test the moderated moderated-mediation hypotheses.
Conclusions: The indices of conditional moderated mediation by parental support and part of pairwise contrasts are significant, which provide evidences that children can benefit significantly from PA and parental support to alleviate mathematics anxiety and improve MA with gender difference.