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In the past 30 years, China has focused on helping primary and secondary school principals improve their leadership through post service training, but ignored the issue of pre-service preparation. Heilongjiang Province is one of the three rust belts in Northeast China, which is in urgent need of developing education. Based on the survey of 1546 principals in Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, this study shows that the principals of primary and secondary schools lack of planned and systematic pre- service preparation, and the middle-level management cadres of schools have achieved certain leadership in practical work and training. University education does not play its professional role. We should form a training mechanism related to the government, universities and schools.