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The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) identify eight practices for learning science in the K-12 classroom. However, there are few standardized and feasible observation-based protocols, with adequate reliability and validity, to guide teachers as they design and improve their implementation of NGSS practices. Using an Interactive-Constructive-Active-Passive (ICAP) theoretical framework, this study develops such a protocol, entitled ICAP to Measure by Observation NGSS Science Practice Implementation in the Classroom (IONIC). The data were collected from 152 video-recorded lessons obtained from an on-going three-year professional development program designed to engage teachers so they better understand and use the NGSS practices. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest the IONIC is a valid and reliable observation-based protocol.