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Self-directed learning (SDL) as a key component of life-long learning has become increasingly important in a rapidly changing society. At the same time, there is a significant number of young people in the society who do not participate in working life, education or training (NEETs) and are characterized by low levels of motivation and skills. Therefore, the question arises as to how to operationalize the concept of SDL for NEETs, and how to measure their competencies in it. This literature review is based on the analysis of 28 articles. The concept, dimensions, and assessment methods of SDL were analyzed. As a result, a theoretical model was developed that describes the construct of SDL considering the characteristics and needs of NEETs.