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Understanding the development of science identity in elementary school is integral to the success of broadening participation in STEM initiatives. We used the third-grade wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of 2010-11 (ECLS K:2011; N=9129) to examine science identity development within the New Big Five Personality Model framework using structural equation modeling. A student’s life narrative as science identity was predicted by classroom experiences and motivational factors. Past performance served as a strong predictor of science identity, but classroom practices, like teaching a broad range of concepts, were also significant predictors. Implications include support for teaching a broad range of content in elementary science and evidence of the relationship between motivational support and science identity.