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This study analyzes first-year students' online reviews of four-year historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) to provide insights for improving the first-year student retention rates in HBCUs. Our study collected more than 13000 online student comments from 55 HBCUs. We used text mining analytical approaches, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation, n-grams, and sentiment analysis with deep learning models, to extract and identify institutional characteristics that were most frequently commented by students and students’ sentiments towards them. We ran the hierarchical multiple regression to determine how the topics and student sentiments are associated with student retention. Finally, based on the results, we formulated strategies and suggestions to improve the first-year student retention rates of four-year HBCUs.